DISSOLVING KIDNEY STONES: FOR WHOM? WHEN? HOW?

Dissolving gall stones.

Cognitive Reflection Test : Whom , how , when 1

We report the results of a meta-study of 118 Cognitive Reflection Test studies comprising of 44,558 participants across 21 countries. There is a negative correlation between being female and the overall, and individual, correct answers to CRT questions. Taking the test at the end of an experiment negatively impacts performance. Monetary incentives do not impact performance. Overall students per...

Diagnosing early cognitive decline-When, how and for whom?

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a term used to describe cognitive impairment in one or more cognitive domains that is greater than any expected age-related changes, but not of the magnitude to warrant a diagnosis of dementia. This review considers how early cognitive decline is diagnosed, focusing on the use of neuropsychological tests and neuroimaging, as well as the differential diagnosis....

Non-invasive Ventilation: How, when, for whom, and what outcome?

Restricting the benefit of clinical research to randomized clinical trials would be a mistake in the field of non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Observational studies, physiological studies, and matched paired case-control studies have put together an enormous body evidence demonstrating the benefits of NIV and the working mechanisms of this technique. The randomized controlled trials have confirm...

Ureterocutaneostomy: for whom and when?

OBJECTIVE To discuss the indications and the results of the patients treated with ureterocutaneostomy (UCN) for urinary diversion in our center. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between March 2008 and November 2012, 27 patients (19 males and 8 females) were treated with UCN in our clinic. Patients' ages ranged between 56-78 years. Radical cystectomy was performed on 21 of these patients. The patients und...